{"id":3227,"date":"2011-03-29T10:20:26","date_gmt":"2011-03-29T08:20:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/choblab.com\/?p=3227"},"modified":"2019-07-17T10:05:12","modified_gmt":"2019-07-17T08:05:12","slug":"open-data-la-guerre-des-mondes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/choblab.com\/web-20\/open-data-la-guerre-des-mondes-3227.html","title":{"rendered":"Open data&#160;: la guerre des mondes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le mouvement de lib\u00e9ration des donn\u00e9es publiques (<em>open data<\/em>) donne parfois l&rsquo;impression d&rsquo;assister \u00e0 la guerre des mondes. A ma gauche, les d\u00e9fenseurs du mouvement&#160;: s&rsquo;ils saluent parfois les initiatives men\u00e9es par quelques administrations ou collectivit\u00e9s locales, ils sont souvent <a
title=\"L&#039;Etat fait de la r\u00e9sistance\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ifrap.org\/etat-et-collectivites\/open-data-liberation-des-donnees-publiques\">rapides \u00e0 d\u00e9gainer<\/a> pour dire que ce n&rsquo;est pas assez, que les formats ne sont pas les bons, et puis que font les autres&#160;? A ma droite, les services publics&#160;: ignorant ou sous-estimant le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, ils semblent d\u00e9pass\u00e9s par les enjeux juridiques, \u00e9conomiques ou politiques. Les <a
title=\"risques open data\" href=\"http:\/\/www.journaldunet.com\/ebusiness\/expert\/49672\/l-open-data---les-risques-potentiels-de-l-ouverture-des-donnees-publiques.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;open data<\/a> sont r\u00e9els, il ne faut ni les ignorer ni sans servir de pr\u00e9texte pour ne pas agir. En fait, le principal probl\u00e8me de l&rsquo;open data, c&rsquo;est probablement la m\u00e9connaissance mutuelle des acteurs concern\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p
style=\"text-align: center;\"><a
href=\"https:\/\/choblab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/open-data-armes.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img
loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3265 aligncenter\" title=\"open data : fonctionnaires contre activistes\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/choblab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/open-data-armes.jpg\" width=\"335\" height=\"260\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du monde public<\/h2>\n<p>Commen\u00e7ons par une \u00e9vidence souvent oubli\u00e9e par les activistes de l&rsquo;open data&#160;: les minist\u00e8res ou les collectivit\u00e9s locales ne sont pas con\u00e7us ni organis\u00e9s pour mettre \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es brutes et dans un format exploitables par des d\u00e9veloppeurs. Ce n&rsquo;est tout simplement pas leur mission premi\u00e8re. Mais la mise \u00e0 disposition des donn\u00e9es publiques est une obligation l\u00e9gale, me direz-vous. Et le <em>ya qu&rsquo;\u00e0 faut qu&rsquo;on <\/em>de suivre. <em>Ils n&rsquo;ont qu&rsquo;\u00e0 s&rsquo;organiser, trouver des ressources humaines et financi\u00e8res, c&rsquo;est mes imp\u00f4ts apr\u00e8s tout&#8230; <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les services publics font face \u00e0 des coupes budg\u00e9taires drastiques, qui leur imposent de se concentrer sur le m\u00e9tier de base (leur <em>core business <\/em>dirait-on en enterprise). Dans ces conditions, il faut des circonstances exceptionnelles pour qu&rsquo;une collectivit\u00e9 puisse mettre en oeuvre une vraie politique d&rsquo;open data&#160;: la convergence d&rsquo;une volont\u00e9 politique et de ressources humaines comp\u00e9tentes. En France, seules quelques villes et collectivit\u00e9s territoriales ont lanc\u00e9 de vraies initiatives dans ce domaine. <a
title=\"Open data Rennes\" href=\"https:\/\/data.rennesmetropole.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rennes M\u00e9tropole<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 le pr\u00e9curseur parce que l&rsquo;innovation est une d\u00e9marche ancr\u00e9e dans le territoire breton. <a
title=\"Open data Paris\" href=\"http:\/\/opendata.paris.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paris<\/a>, Nantes, Montpellier ou Bordeaux ont suivi ou annonc\u00e9 leurs intentions.<\/p>\n<p><a
href=\"https:\/\/choblab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/carte-open-data.jpg\"><img
loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3263\" title=\"carte open data\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/choblab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/carte-open-data.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"413\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Les utopies du monde \u00ab\u00a0libre\u00a0\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p>Il faut bien admettre qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un monde assez diffus, pour ne pas dire confidentiel, aussi bien pour le grand public que l&rsquo;administration. Et c&rsquo;est bien l\u00e0 que le b\u00e2t blesse. Le monde public peut l\u00e9gitimement s&rsquo;interroger sur la pertinence d&rsquo;ouvrir les donn\u00e9es s&rsquo;il ignore qui peut les exploiter. On peut citer quelques collectifs comme <a
title=\"Regards Citoyens\" href=\"http:\/\/www.regardscitoyens.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regards citoyens<\/a>, <a
title=\"LiberTic\" href=\"http:\/\/libertic.wordpress.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LiberTic<\/a> et <a
title=\"Fing\" href=\"http:\/\/fing.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">la Fing<\/a>, qui font un travail fantastique de sensibilisation sur le sujet, soutenu par des m\u00e9dias comme Owni ou Data News. Il manque tout de m\u00eame une organisation plus structur\u00e9e qui garantisse aux pouvoirs publics un retour sur investissement. Je ne parle pas d&rsquo;un ROI \u00e9conomique mais d&rsquo;un ROI d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral&#160;: assurer que les donn\u00e9es mises \u00e0 disposition puissent effectivement donner lieu \u00e0 des applications utiles pour les citoyens. En d&rsquo;autres termes,<strong> l&rsquo;offre ne pourra se d\u00e9velopper que si la demande est mieux connue<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Peut-\u00eatre manque-t-il un maillon pour faire le lien entre les 2 mondes, pour qu&rsquo;ils puissent mieux se conna\u00eetre et se comprendre&#160;? Comme souvent, c&rsquo;est le manque de dialogue et la m\u00e9connaissance de l&rsquo;autre qui bloque l&rsquo;innovation.<\/p>\n<h2>Des raisons d&rsquo;\u00eatre optimiste&#160;?<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00eame s&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit de probl\u00e9matiques diff\u00e9rentes, on peut faire un parall\u00e8le entre l&rsquo;open data et l&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 des sites Internet. L&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 est un sujet plus facile \u00e0 traiter&#160;: la responsabilit\u00e9 hi\u00e9rarchique impliqu\u00e9e dans la d\u00e9cision est moins \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Il suffit parfois que le responsable Internet l&rsquo;impose dans le cahier des charges et le tour est jou\u00e9&#8230; La similitude tient plus \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont l&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 s&rsquo;est impos\u00e9e, au del\u00e0 de l&rsquo;obligation l\u00e9gale. Il a fallu du temps et de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie aux associations, mais elles ont fini par r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 faire de l&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 un enjeu important pour les administrations et les collectivit\u00e9s. L\u00e0 encore, les r\u00e9sultats sont insuffisants comme en t\u00e9moigne la Lettre ouverte pour l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique des services publics. Mais l&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 est \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent beaucoup plus partag\u00e9e et devrait continuer \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper si les acteurs engag\u00e9s dans la d\u00e9marche continuent \u00e0 expliquer les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices, pour les utilisateurs concern\u00e9s et pour les administrations \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>En conclusion, les acteurs du monde libre ont tout int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 encourager les mouvements initi\u00e9s par les collectivit\u00e9s, \u00e0 communiquer sur les r\u00e9sultats plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;\u00e0 d\u00e9crier ceux qui ne font pas ou les imperfections de ceux qui font. Valoriser les pr\u00e9curseurs est souvent plus efficace&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Lire aussi sur choblab.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><a
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class=\"kksr-muted\">Notez cet article<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le mouvement de lib\u00e9ration des donn\u00e9es publiques (open data) donne parfois l&rsquo;impression d&rsquo;assister \u00e0 la guerre des mondes. A ma gauche, les d\u00e9fenseurs du mouvement&#160;: s&rsquo;ils saluent parfois les initiatives men\u00e9es par quelques administrations ou collectivit\u00e9s locales, ils sont souvent rapides \u00e0 d\u00e9gainer pour dire que ce n&rsquo;est pas assez, que les formats ne sont&hellip; <\/p>\n<p><span
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